Fundamental Duties are a set of moral obligations and responsibilities that are enshrined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution, under Article 51A. These duties were added to the Constitution in 1976 by the 42nd Amendment. The Fundamental Duties of a citizen are:
1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
It is the duty of every citizen to follow these Fundamental Duties to promote the well-being and development of the country, and to uphold the values enshrined in the Constitution.
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